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On English and Writing: Leon Lanzbom   


Links
Feeling trapped?  Not sure where to turn?


                                                                              

Time to ride the leo!  We offer you here a few portals to some choice writing sites.  Scroll down and you'll find a mess 'o links to almost anything you can dream of--that has to do with academic writing, of course.



                                               

STOP!  Read this first.  MLA citing has changed! Click for latest MLA UPDATE                                                                                                                                                





                                                    


Purdue MLA Format Guide
One of the best sources for Modern Language Association usage.

MLA Crib Sheet
A concise guide to using the style of the Modern Language Association in research papers.

Capital Community College MLA Guide
A nice guide based on MLA documentation style. A sidebar allows quick access to citation formats organized by type of material to be cited. Maintained by Charles Darling of Capital Community-Technical College.

Timothy Pagaard's MLA format
A fanstastic blueprint of the MLA process from the world famous mind of Tim Pagaard.

Research Paper Templates
This could be the most useful item on this list. Delicious templates of MLA, APA, CBE, and CMS. All you have to do is punch in your information. Most students LOVE this.

MLA Sample Paper
A happy-go-lucky essay about mountain lions, done in MLA style with annotations.

MLA, Documenting Web Sources
Straight from the MLA mothership! How to document the web. The MLA is still working out the bugs, considering it's a text oriented tool, but they're getting there.

Citation Machine
The Landmark Project's Citation Machine. Plug in the facts, and out comes a works cited. Be careful with this one. It's garbage in garbage out, all the way, so watch your spelling and inputs. When pasting this to your works-cited page, you'll have to play with spacing etc.


Hacker's Documenting Sources: MLA
I use this one even more than Purdue. Very simple, very easy to use MLA in-text and works cited tool. One of the best links here.

Hacker 2009 MLA Update Supplement (all the new MLA rules in one packet)

Lunsford 2009 MLA update Supplement (again, all the new rules are here)

MLA Citation and Format: Tod E Jones
The basics, nicely organized MLA site when Hacker or Purdue has your head spinning.

Valencia MLA Style for Electronic Sources
Works cited displayed in vivid, living colors. Breaks down each type of citing for the visually oriented.

Leslie MLA Format for Annotated Bib.
Every student needs to know how to make an annotated bibliography. Never heard of this?  Please check this Lesley University site out even if you're not expected to do an annotated bibliography.

CW Post MLA Citation Style
A simple, colorful site for the visual of us.

Owl Writing the Research Paper
Another great read from the Purdue people.  Do yourself a favor.  Take 15 minutes out to read this essay by Sarah Hamid.




A Research Guide for Students: Plagiarism: How to Avoid It

Plagiarism: 1621, from L. plagiarius "kidnapper, seducer, plunderer," used in the sense of "literary thief." I've run into one too many literary thieves.  Pereant qui ante nos nostra dixerent. Perish those who said our good things before we did.--Aelius Donatus.

A Research Guide for Students: How to Write an A+ Paper
From choosing a topic, to typing the final paper, a nice little review on how to write a damned good essay.

A Research Guide for Students: How to Write a Bibliography in MLA Style
"When writing a bibliography, remember that the purpose is to communicate to the reader, in a standardized manner, the sources that you have used in sufficient detail to be identified."  Wordy?  You bet!  Welcome to academe.

Bedford St Martin's Online: MLA Style to Cite and Document Internet Sources
Lookey here, Martha, one excellent MLA guide.   One of the few sources out there that's as close to the MLA's synapses as you'll get.  

OWL Researching the Web Workshop
They say a good writer needs a library.  With the web, we have one right at our fingertips--so much good, yet so much bad.  How to figure out what in tarnation is what.




OWL Using APA Format

Purdue again.  A wonderful site for you   people, as weird as you all are; anthropologists and psychologists, need I say more?

APA Online: Using APA Style
From the dungeons of the APA, an electronic guide to APA usage: "Because electronic media change rapidly, we will update this page regularly as there are additions, changes, or clarifications to APA style."

OWL (APA) Style Workshop
"This web text will cover important aspects of using American Psychological Association (APA) style to write and format papers." How to format, setting up a works cited page, citing sources, setting tables,  etc.

OWL Formatting in Sociology
Another great Purdue site: "This handout covers American Sociological Association (ASA) style and includes information about manuscript formatting, in-text citations, and formatting the references page. The bibliographical format described here is taken from the American Sociological Review."

CW Post: Comparing Various Citation Styles for Research Papers
Which should you use? Ask your teachers which style they want you to use. If they have no preference, you can use any or follow the guidelines this site offers.  If your teacher doesn't mind, do yourself a favor, learn Chicago. It's used in the "real world" for all subjects.
                                                        


AAA Style Guide (PDF document)

"AAA uses The Chicago Manual of Style (14th edition, 1993) and Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th edition, 2000).  This guide is an outline of style rules basic to our journal editing."

Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
Anthropologists cite other works in text, that is, they rarely use end or footnotes. Generally anthropologists believe that if something is not important enough to be in the main text, it should be left out.

Prof. Philip Nel's Literary Links
Presently a Professor of English at the University of Kansas, Phil is the author of four books, including The Annotated Cat: Under the Hats of Seuss and His Cats.  ( Love it!  I have an MA in children's literature.) Here he has gathered every literary link of any value, and excellent place to explore.

Chicago Manual of Style Documentation
This is it!  The Chicago Manual of Style Online--the indispensable online reference for all who work with words. Great site.  Every writer should own the book.

English Club Great ESL Site
Great place for ESL students to study grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, all with quizzes to check your progress.

Frankfurt International ESL Grammar
Lots of free resources for ESL students, lots of exercises and quizzes, for students and teachers.
    

MLA: The Everyday Writer
I use this when I'm in a hurry.  Just scroll  down.  No hidden rooms or links to forever land.

Duke University Assembled Works Cited
Covers four style guides: Turabian, Chicago Manual of Style, MLA Handbook, and the APA style guide. Created by Duke Libraries at Duke University.


Berkeley Library MLA Style Citations PDF
This guide provides examples and the guidelines for citing sources following the  MLA.

Berkeley Library: Citing Your Sources
An essential explanation on where, how, why, and even what in citing sources. A must read for anyone writing a research paper.

J. Walker's formatting MLA style manuscripts with word 97 to 2003

J. Walker's formatting MLA style manuscripts with word 2007
invaluable step-by-step formatting guides from the reigning authority on electronic citation, Dr. Janice R. Walker.

Karla's Guide to Citation Style Guides

A list of links to various styles for citing electronic, and other sources - MLA, APA, Chicago, Turabian, Lexis-Nexus, legal, etc.

Randy Beach's Sample Annotated Bibliography
How to write an annotated bibliography from the neurons of Randy Beach.

Randy Beach's Paranthetical References and Using Quotations

In-text parenthetical how to. Read This!

Randy Beach's Documenting Online Parenthetical References

In-text on-line parenthetical how to. Another MUST READ.

  Click here for grammar section





NMU's Updated MLA style

Here is an updated MLA style list from NMU

Olson Library Home Page


MLA Style

In the summer of 2008, the Modern Language Association released a revision of its style guide for graduate students and scholarly publication. This guide will be used in the January 2009 issues of MLA journals. The MLA encourages undergraduates to continue to use the style that is described in MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th edition. This source is located in the Library’s reference collection under the following call number: Ref LB 2369 .G53 2003. This style is described with examples on the Olson Library's web site here. If you are not sure which style to use, please ask your instructor.

This Guide is based on the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 6th edition (call number Ref PN 147.G444 2008). It includes some of the more common examples for citing references in a list of works cited or bibliography. MLA Style dictates that all references are indented and double-spaced.

The major differences in this guide and the previous version of MLA Style involve using italics instead of underlining, and specifying the format of the item at the end of the bibliography entry. URLs are no longer required for electronic resources, unless the URL will make it easier for the reader to locate the item or your publisher requires it (keep in mind that typing a URL into a browser might be more difficult than doing a search for the item) .

 

Print

Electronic

Miscellaneous

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Books
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Articles in scholarly journals
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Articles in popular magazines
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Works in anthologies or collections
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Newspaper articles
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ERIC documents
Government documents
Proceedings of conferences and meetings
Doctoral dissertations
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Web sites or individual pages
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Articles in scholarly journals
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Articles in popular magazines
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Ebooks
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Government publications
bullet
Newspaper articles
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Posting to a discussion list
bullet
Email communication
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DVD
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Film or video
bullet
Interview

Print Sources

Books

No Author

The Smithsonian: A History. New York: Smithsonian, 1993. Print.


One Author

Taylor, Gary. Reinventing Shakespeare: A Cultural History from the Restoration to the Present. New York:

Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989. Print.

Editor in place of author

Lee, Robert A., ed. Herman Melville: Reassessments. Ottawa: Barnes, 1984. Print.


Two or three authors

Gross, Samuel R., and Robert Mauro. Death and Discrimination: Racial

Disparities in Capital Sentencing. Boston: Northeastern UP, 1989. Print.

Anthony, William, Walter E. Wheatley, and P.E. Smyth. Envisionary Management:

A Guide for Human Resource Professionals in Management Training and Development.
New York: Quorum, 1988. Print.

More than three authors

Quirk, Randolph, et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language.

London: Longman, 1985. Print.

Two or more books by the same author

Johnson, Carol M., and Paul V. Wright. Jungle Room Jubilee. Boston:

Houghton Mifflin, 1978. Print.

---. A World Far, Far Away. New York: Norton, 1998. Print.


Corporate author

American Medical Association. Genetic Engineering: A Case for Caution. New

York: Random, 1996. Print.

Edition other than the first

Clayton, Bruce D., and Yvonne N. Stock. Basic Pharmacology for Nurses.

9th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1989. Print.

Clinton, Barb S. Politics and the Religious Right. Ed. F. G. Patterson. 2nd ed.

Toronto: Pegasus, 1999. Print.

Multi-volume work (citing entire set)

Creighton, James S., ed. Jameson’s Encyclopedia of American Literature. 3 volumes.

San Francisco: Utley, 1994. Print.

Multi-volume work (citing an individual volume)

Barada, Vaclav. The History of the USSR. Vol. 9. Moscow: Harizonika, 1945.


Articles in Professional/Scholarly Journals

Scholarly journals often group several individual issues under a single volume number. In these instances, page numbers are not renumbered for each issue, but continue consecutively across issues (e.g. Issue #1 may have page numbers 1-234, Issue #2 235-356, etc.). For such journals, include only the volume number in the reference list citation.

Copeland, Eleanor. "Fictions of Employment: Jane Austen and the Woman's

Novel." Studies in Philology 85 (1988): 114-24. Print.

For journals that renumber each issue starting on page 1, include the issue number in the reference list citation. Add a period and the issue number directly after the volume number without any space:

Prichitka, David S., and Conrad R. Capstan. “Neurolinguistics of Children with

Cerebral Palsy.” Journal of Communication 56.6 (1997): 10-23. Print.

Articles in Popular Magazines

In the reference list, give the date of the magazine, but do not provide volume and issue numbers even if they are listed:

"The New Politics of Abortion." Time 17 July 1989: 96-109. Print.

If the article is not printed on consecutive pages, include only the first page number followed by a plus sign in the reference list:

Jacobs, Paul V., and Mary K. Peters. "Killing Time: Prisoners in America’s

Toughest Prisons." U.S. News and World Report 10 May 1999: 78+. Print.

Newspaper Articles

Take note of the following when citing newspapers:

  • Omit the initial article of a newspaper title (e.g. A, An, The) even if it is present.
  • If the newspaper is not a nationally recognized paper (USA Today, Wall
    Street Journal
    , etc.), include the city name of the newspaper in square brackets [ ] after the newspaper name.
  • When listing the date of publication, do not include volume and issue numbers, even if they are present.
  • Abbreviate all months according to the handbook (put exact citation in when handbook arrives) except for May, June and July.
  • If an edition is listed on the paper, include this after the date.
  • If each section of the paper has separate page numbers, include the section number or letter with the page numbers. If the article is not printed on consecutive pages, write only the first page number followed by a + sign.

Hamilton, William J. “Death on the Rocks!” Mining Journal [Marquette] 31 Dec. 1996: A1+. Print.

Smith, James P. “Build It and They Will Come.” New York Times 2 May 1987, late ed.: C2+. Print.


Works in anthologies or collections

Marshall, Denise. "Slaying the Angel and the Patriarch: The Grinning Wolf."

Last Laughs: Perspectives on Women and Comedy. Ed. Regina Barreca.
New York: Gordon and Breach, 1988. 149-77. Print.

ERIC Documents

Snyder, Howard N., and Melissa Sickmund. Challenging the Myths: 1999 National Report Series.

Juvenile Justice Bulletin. ERIC Document Reproduction Service, 2000. ED454351. Print.

Government Publications

Before citing government documents in a reference list you may want to consult section 6.6.20 (pp. 205-08) of the MLA Style Manual for special instructions. Note, most federal publications, regardless of the branch of government issuing them, are published by the Government Printing Office (GPO) in Washington, D.C.

United States. Cong. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection of the Committee on

Environment and Public Works. Oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska.
101st Cong., 1st sess. Washington: GPO, 1989. Print.

United States. Dept. of Housing and Human Services. Low Cost Housing: Urban Problem

or Blessing? Washington: GPO, 1997. Print.

Benjamin, Steve R. Gypsy Moth Management in the United States : A Cooperative

Approach. Agr. Handbook 542. Washington: GPO, 1985. Print.

Michigan. Dept. of Public Health. Lifelines for Children: Child Mortality in Michigan.

Michigan: Lansing, 1989. Print.

Proceedings of Conferences and Meetings

Muhlestein, Daniel K. "Rumbold's Revenge: Joyce's Subversion of the Gallows

Text Tradition of Commodified Violence." The Image of Violence in
Literature, the Media, and Society: Selected papers from the 1995
Conference of the Society for the Interdisciplinary Study of Social Imagery.
Ed. Will Wright and Steven Kaplan. Pueblo: Colorado, 1995. 174-188. Print.

Doctoral Dissertations

The following example is for a dissertation obtained from the granting institution:

McDonough, Kevin M. "Minority Rights, Liberal Autonomy and North American Indian Schools." Diss.

U of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1994. Print.

The following example is for a dissertation obtained on microfilm from UMI (Note, in this context the dissertation is considered published and the title is underlined. You can add the order number as additional information at the end of the citation as in this example):

Marshall, Daniel P. Claiming the Land: Indians, Goldseekers, and the Rush to British Columbia.

Diss. U of British Columbia, 2000. Ann Arbor: UMI, 2000. Print.

Electronic Sources

Web Sites

Entire Web Site

Use the following format when citing an entire Web cite.  If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.

Author, editor, or name of person creating site (if given and relevant). "Title of the work" (if you are citing part

of a larger site). Title of site. Version or edition you're citing. Name of organization or institution sponsoring or associated with site (if not available, use n. p.), Date of publication, posting date, or update (if not given, use n.d.). Medium of publication (Web). Date of access(day, month, and year). <URL, if you believe that it will make it easier for your reader to find the page or if your publisher asks for it>.

The following site did not have a title and instead was given the brief description of "Home page":

Smith, Paul. Home page. Northern Michigan University, 23 Apr. 1998. Web.  

21 Oct. 1999.

The following site did not have a named author or person responsible for the content:

Creative Writing Home Page. Dept. of English, U of Minnesota, 30 Apr. 1997. Web.

9 July 1998.

The following site did not have an update or posting date present. There was no associated institution or organization.  Since there were more than three authors, et. al was used:

Blair, Bob, et. al. Poet's Corner. n.p., n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2001.


Individual Web Page

Use the following format when citing a page within a site. If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.

Author, editor, or name of person creating site (if given and relevant).

"Title of page." Title of the professional or personal site (if given and relevant). Date of publication, posting date, or latest update (if known).  Name of organization or institution sponsoring or associated with site (if relevant). Medium of publication (Web). Date of access(day, month, and year). <URL, if you believe that it will make it easier for your reader to find the page or if your publisher asks for it>.

The following example did not have a posting date or latest update:

Burt, Sharon. "Maya Angelou." Voices from the Gaps: Women Writers of Color.

Department of English and Program of American Studies, University of Minnesota, 23 Aug. 2000. Web. 16 October 2008.

The following example does not have a site title, only a title for theWeb page. There was also no posting date or latest update:

Sparling, Donald W., and Peter T. Lowe. "Chemicals Used to Control Mosquitoes

on Refuges Differ in Toxicity to Tadpoles." Pautuxent Wildlife Research Center,
United States Geological Survey, 21 Dec. 2000. Web. 16 October 2008.

Scholarly Articles

From the Publisher's Site

When citing articles on a scholarly journal's Web site, use the following format:

Author’s name. “Title of work or material.” Name of periodical. Volume number. issue number

(Date of publication): Range of pages (if there are no page numbers, use n. pag.). Medium of publication (Web). Date of access(day, month, and year). <URL, if you believe that it will make it easier for your reader to find the page or if your publisher asks for it>.

The following reference does not include visible page numbers or other page references:

Hanson, Mary Ellen. “Jean Claude VanDamme: A Man on a Mission.” Popular Culture

56 (1999). Web. 25 Nov. 2003 <http://www.storey.com/pop/234.htm>.

The following reference has numbered paragraphs in the on-screen document:

Sohmer, Steve. “12 June 1599: Opening Day at Shakespeare's Globe." Early

Modern Literary Studies 3.1 (1997) Web. 22 June 1999 <http://www.humanities.ualberta.ca/emls/03-1/sohmjuli.html>.

From an Online Database (e.g. PerAbs, JSTOR, etc.)

When citing journal articles from an online database use the following format:

Author’s name. “Title of work or material.”  Name of periodical. Volume number.issue number

(Date of publication): Range of pages (if there are no page numbers, use n. pag.). Name of database. Medium of publication (Web). Date of access (day, month, and year). <URL, if you believe that it will make it easier for your reader to find the page or if your publisher asks for it>.

The following example did not have any numbered pages or paragraph marks in the on-screen document:

Wink, Walter, and Samuel Smith. “Drug Policy: The Fix We’re In.”

Foreign Affairs 116.6 (1999). n. pag. WilsonSelectPlus. FirstSearch. Web. 16 Aug. 2004.

The following reference included page numbers in the on-screen document:

Herold, Niels. “Pedagogy, Hamlet, and the Manufacture of Wonder." Shakespeare Quarterly

46.2 (1995):125-134. JSTOR. Web. 31 Dec. 2000.

Popular Magazine Articles

From the Publisher's Site

When citing articles on a popular magazine's Web site, use the following format:

Author’s name (if given). “Title of work or material.” Name of periodical.

day month (abbreviated, except May, June, or July) year: Range of pages (if there are no page numbers, use n. pag.). Medium of work (Web). Date of access (day, month, and year). <URL, if you believe that it will make it easier for your reader to find the page or if your publisher asks for it>.

Miller, Michael J. “Are You Really Safe Online?” PC Magazine 4 Aug. 1999. N. pag. Web.

12 Sept. 2003.

From an Online Database (e.g. PerAbs, JSTOR, etc.)

When citing magazine articles from an online database use the following format:

Author’s name (if given). “Title of work or material.” Name of periodical.

day month (abbreviated except May, June, or July) year: Range of pages (if there are no page numbers, use n. pag.). Name of database. Medium of work (Web). Date of access (day, month, and year). <URL, if you believe that it will make it easier for your reader to find the page or if your publisher asks for it>.

The following citation did not have a listed author:

“Ending the War on Drugs.” The Economist 2 Jan. 1999. N. pag. General Reference

Center Gold. InfoTrac. Web. 1 Sept. 2003.

Ebooks

Use the following format in a reference list when citing an entire online book.  If you cannot find some information, cite what is available.

Author or editor's name (if given; if editor is mentioned, include ed. following the name).

Title of work. Place of publication: Publisher, date of publication. Title of database or web site. Medium of publication (Web). Date of access.

Lamb, Charles. On The Tragedies Of Shakespeare. Hoboken: BiblioBytes, 1820.

1 June 2000. NetLibrary. Web. 16 October 2008.

When citing a part of an online book, place the title of the part between the author's name and the title of the book. If the cited part is a poem or essay, place it in quotation marks; if it is a standard division within the book, e.g. Introduction, do not place it in quotation marks.

Horowitz, Daniel. "Growing Up Absurd." Vance Packard & American

Social Criticism. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina Press, 1994. 10 May 2002. NetLibrary. Web. 16 October 2008.

Government Publications

To cite an online government publication, begin with the same information given for a printed government document and add relevant electronic information: medium of the work (Web), date you accessed the site, and network address (URL). For more information, see section 6.7 of the MLA Style Manual.

United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service. How to Identify Common

Nitidulid Beetles Associated with Oak Wilt Mats in Minnesota. By Valerie
J. Cervenka et. al. 2001. Web. 6 Dec. 2001 <http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/misc/ht_71.pdf>.

Newspaper Articles

Take note of the following when citing newspapers:

  • Omit the initial article of a newspaper title (e.g. A, An, The) even if it is present.
  • If the newspaper is not a nationally recognized paper (USA Today, Wall
    Street Journal
    , etc.), include the city name of the newspaper in square brackets [ ] after the newspaper name.
  • When listing the date of publication, do not include volume and issue numbers, even if they are present.
  • Abbreviate all months according to the handbook (put exact citation in when handbook arrives) except for May, June and July.
  • If an edition is listed on the paper, include this after the date.
  • If each section of the paper has separate page numbers, include the section number or letter with the page numbers. If the article is not printed on consecutive pages, write only the first page number followed by a + sign.

From the Publisher's Site

When citing newspaper articles from Web pages, other than those in online databases, use the following format:

Author’s name (if given). “Title of work or material.” Name of newspaper.

day month (abbreviated except May, June, or July) year: Range of pages (if there are no page numbers, use n. pag.). Medium of work (Web). Date of access. <URL, if you believe that it will make it easier for your reader to find the page or if your publisher asks for it>.

The following example did not have numbered pages or paragraphs in the online document: 

Kahn, Joseph. “Fugitive, Hiding in Plain Sight, Eluded International Dragnet.”

New York Times 15 Aug. 1999, n. pag. Web. 16 Aug. 2003..

The following example did not have an author nor any numbered pages or paragraphs in the online document:

“Alexander To Quit Presidential Race.” The Wire: News from the Associated Press

23 Sept. 1998, n. pag. Web. 24 Oct. 1998.

From an Online Database

When citing newspaper articles from an online database, use the following format:

Author’s name (if given). “Title of work or material.” Name of newspaper. Day month

(abbreviated except May, June, or July) year: Range of pages (if there are no page numbers, use n. pag.). Name of database. Medium of work (Web). Date of access.

The following example does not include onscreen page numbers or paragraph marks:

Lee, Elizabeth. "Irradiated Mail: Will Procedure Help or Hurt?" Star Tribune.

28 Nov. 2001: n. pag. InfoTrac Custom 120 Full Text Newspapers. Web. 23 Dec. 2003.

Posting to a Discussion List

In a discussion list, include the medium designation--online posting--at the end of the entry. Include the online address of the list's Internet site, or if not available, the e-mail address of the list's moderator. For a news group, include the prefix "news" in the name of the newsgroup.

Smith, John K. “Re:Trub Removal.” 4 Aug. 1999. Online Posting.

<news: rec.beer.brewing>.

Callanson, J. W. “Teaching Undergraduates the Basics of Searching.” 1 Oct. 1998. STS-L:

Science and Technology Section, ACRL. <mpc@aztec.lib.utk.edu>. Online Posting.

E-mail Communication

When citing an e-mail, include the medium designation--e-mail.

Bruggink, John. “Occurrence of Black Bears in the U.P.”Message to Kevin

McDonough. 23 Aug. 1999. E-mail.

DVD

When citing a DVD, use the following format:

Title of movie. Director (abbreviated as Dir.). Distributor, year of release. Medium.

You may include other information such as the names of the writer, actors, producer, etc., between the title and distributor. When citing a DVD, include the original release date (if relevant) and the term DVD before the name of the distributor.

Gallipoli. Dir. Peter Weir. Perf. Mel Gibson and Mark Lee. 1981.Paramount, 1999. DVD.


Miscellaneous Sources

Film or Video

When citing a film or video use the following format:

Title of film/video. Director (abbreviated as Dir.). Distributor, year of release. Format (DVD, videocassette, etc.).

You may include other information such as the names of the writer, actors, producer, etc., between the title and distributor. When citing a video, include the original release date (if relevant) and the term videocassette before the name of the distributor.

Addicted Brain. Prod. Roger Bingham. Films for the Humanities, 1987. Videocassette.

Gallipoli. Dir. Peter Weir. Perf. Mel Gibson and Mark Lee. Paramount Home Video, 1981.Videocassette.

Green Mile. By Stephen King. Dir. Frank Darabont. Perf. Tom Hanks, Michael Duncan Clarke,

James Cromwell, David Morse, and Bonnie Hunt. 1999. Warner Home Video, 2000. Videocassette.

Interview

When citing an interview, use the following format:

Name of person interviewed. Date. Kind of interview (phone interview, personal interview, etc.).

Russell, Shelley. 13 August 2002. Personal interview.





 
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